Pathologic T

This input is used for staging

Notes

**Note 1:** Distance from Carina: Assume tumor is greater than or equal to 2 centimeters (cm) from carina if lobectomy, segmental resection, or wedge resection is done. **Note 2:** Specific information about visceral pleura invasion is captured in T2 and **Site-Specific Factor 2, Visceral Pleural Invasion (VPI)/Elastic Layer**. Elastic layer involvement has prognostic significance for lung cancer. **Note 3:** Bronchopneumonia is not the same thing as obstructive pneumonitis and should not be coded as such. * Bronchopneumonia is an acute inflammation of the walls of the bronchioles, usually a result of spread of infection from the upper to the lower respiratory tract * Obstructive pneumonitis is a combination of atelectasis, bronchiectasis with mucous plugging, and parenchymal inflammation that develops distal to an obstructing endobronchial lesion **Note 4:** Atelectasis is the failure of the lung to expand (inflate) completely. This may be caused by a blocked airway, a tumor, general anesthesia, pneumonia or other lung infections, lung disease, or long-term bedrest with shallow breathing. Sometimes called a collapsed lung. * For staging purposes, atelectasis must present with an obstructing tumor **Note 5:** Assign the appropriate T (sub)category (T1-T3) based on the tumor size for the following descriptions Direct tumor invasion into an adjacent ipsilateral lobe Invasion of pleura, NOS Pulmonary ligament Tumor confined to hilus Tumor confined to one lung Tumor involving main stem bronchus Confined to lung, NOS Localized, NOS **Note 6:** Separate ipsilateral tumor nodes are assigned either T3 (same lobe) or T4 (different lobe). Separate tumor nodules in the contralateral lung are assigned in M (distant metastasis). * The absence or presence of separate tumor nodules are also coded in **Site-Specific Factor 1** **Note 7:** Pulmonary Artery/Vein: An involved pulmonary artery/vein in the mediastinum is assigned T4 (involvement of major blood vessel). However, if the involvement of the artery/vein appears to be only within lung tissue and not in the mediastinum, it is not assigned T4. **Note 8:** Vocal cord paralysis (resulting from involvement of recurrent branch of the vagus nerve), superior vena cava (SVC) obstruction, or compression of the trachea or the esophagus may be related to direct extension of the primary tumor or to lymph node involvement. The treatment options and prognosis associated with these manifestations of disease extent fall within the T4-Stage IIIB category. * If the primary tumor is peripheral and clearly unrelated to vocal cord paralysis, SVC obstruction, or compression of the trachea or the esophagus, code these manifestations as mediastinal lymph node involvement, N2 in regional lymph nodes, unless there is a statement of involvement by direct extension from the primary tumor **Note 9:** Opposite (contralateral) Lung: If no mention is made of the opposite lung on a chest x-ray, assume it is not involved.

NAACCR Item

NAACCR #880

Pathologic T	Pathologic T Display	Description	Registrar Notes
pX	pTX	Primary tumor cannot be assessed OR Tumor proven by the presence of malignant cells in spuutum or bronchial washings but NOT visualized by imaging or bronchoscopy	Occult carcinoma Pathologic classification criteria met, evaluation done: Physician unable to assess T Surgical resection of primary tumor, extension not stated Tumor size (TS) unknown for T categories where TS needed to determine T Physician assigns pTX, no other information available to determine T
p0	pT0	No evidence of primary tumor
pIS	pTis	Carcinoma in situ	Intraepithelial, noninvasive Stated as Tis
p1	pT1	Tumor 3 cm or less in greatest dimension, surrounded by lung or visceral pleura WITHOUT bronchoscopic evidence of invasion more proximal than the lobar bronchus (i.e., not in the main bronchus)	Note: T1 has subcategories of T1a and T1b. Assign T1 only when there is no information available to assign one of the subcategories Stated as T1 [NOS]
p1A	pT1a	Tumor 2 cm or less in greatest dimension	Uncommon superficial spreading tumor of any size with its invasive component limited to the bronchial wall, which may extend proximal to the main bronchus Stated as T1a
p1B	pT1b	Tumor more than 2 cm but not more than 3 cm in greatest dimension	Stated as T1b
p2	pT2	Tumor more than 3 cm but not more than 7 cm; OR Tumor with any of the following features Involves main bronchus, 2 cm or more distal to the carina Invades visceral pleura Associated with atelectasis or obstructive pneumonitis that extends to the hilar region but does not involve the entire lung	Note: T2 has subcategories of T2a and T2b. Assign T2 only when there is no information available to assign one of the subcategories Stated as T2 [NOS]
p2A	pT2a	Tumor more than 3 cm but not more than 5 cm in greatest dimension	T2 tumor with features listed in T2 are classified T2a if 5 cm or less, or if size cannot be determined Stated as T2a
p2B	pT2b	Tumor more than 5 cm but not more than 7 cm in greatest dimension	T2 tumor with features listed in T2 are classified T2b if greater than 5 cm but not larger than 7 cm Stated as T2b
p3	pT3	Tumor more than 7 cm OR One that directly invades any of the following: Parietal pleura Chest wall (including superior sulcus tumors) Diaphragm Phrenic nerve Mediastinal pleura Parietal pericardium OR Tumor in the main bronchus less than 2 cm distal to the carina but without involvement of the carina OR Associated atelectasis or obstructive pneumonitis of the entire lung OR Separate tumor nodule(s) in the same lobe as the primary	Adjacent rib Stated as T3
p4	pT4	Tumor of any size that invades any of the following: Mediastinum Heart Great vessels Trachea Recurrent laryngeal nerve Esophagus Vertebral body Carina OR Separate tumor nodule(s) in a different ipsilateral lobe to that of the primary	Note: Invasion into mediastinal fat is T4. However, if such an invasion is clearly limited to fat within the hilum, classification as T2a or T2b is appropriate, dependong size, unless other features dictate a higher T category Superior sulcus tumor WITH encasement of subclavian vessels OR WITH unequivocal involvement of superior branches of brachial plexus (C8 or above) Tumor confined to carina Blood vessel(s), major Aorta Azygos vein Inferior vena cava Pulmonary artery or vein Superior vena cava (SVC syndrome) Carina from lung/mainstem bronchus Compression of esophagus or trachea not specified as direct extension Mediastinum, extrapulmonary or NOS Nerve(s): Cervical sympathetic (Horner syndrome) Recurrent laryngeal (vocal cord paralysis) Vagus Visceral pericardium Vertebra(e) Neural foramina Further contiguous extension (Except to structures specified in distant metastasis) Stated as T4
88	88	Not applicable	Primary site/histology not TNM defined Death certificate only (DCO) case
<BLANK>	BLANK	See Registrar Notes	Pathologic classification criteria not met Pathologic classification criteria met, evaluation done: Results not documented in patient record No surgical resection of known primary tumor (not T0) Resection insufficient for site-specific pathologic assessment No surgical resection of primary tumor and there isn’t a positive biopsy of a structure in the highest T category and highest N category Evidence of metastatic disease (pM1), no other workup Only Pathologic Stage Group documented (no T, N, or M information available)